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Упит dcterms_subject_txt:Economics and Econometrics

2340 items

  • The use of biological markers in determination of origin and type of organic matter in the Tisza river sediments

    Snežana Štrbac, Gordana Gajica, Aleksandra Šajnović, Nebojša Vasić, Ksenija Stojanović, Branimir Jovančićević (2013)
    The objective of the study was to determine the origin and type of organic matter (OM) of the Tisza recent sediments along the distance of 153 km through the territory of Serbia. For this purpose group organic-geochemical parameters and biomarker compositions were used. All samples contain approximately same amount of OM, which was deposited under uniform, slightly reducing conditions. Based on the distribution of n-alkanes, the origin and type of OM could not be precisely estimated. However, n-alkane patterns ...
    sediments, Tisza River, organic matter, biomarkers, oil pollutants
    ... of CH2Cl2 and CH3OH and quantified. The bitumen extracts and crude oils were separated into saturated, aromatic and NSO fractions using column chromatography over silica gel. The saturated hydrocarbon fraction was eluted with n-hexane, aromatic hydrocarbons with mixture of n-hexane and dichloro- ...
    ... designate the 14α(H)17α(H) and 14β(H)17β(H) con- figurations in the steranes; αβ and βα designate the 13α(H)17β(H) and 13β(H)17α(H) configurations in the diasteranes; (S) and (R) designate con- figuration at C20 in both the steranes and diasteranes. _______________________________________________ ...
    ... compositions of terpanes and steranes and the values of the biomarker parameters in Tisza sediments, it is supposed that the oil pollution generally could be related to heavy fuel oil from tankers, due to intense river transport and, to lower extent, to crude oils from the Elemir and Rusanda oil fields ...

  • A Description of Morphological Features of Serbian: a Revision using Feature System Declaration

    Cvetana Krstev, Ranka Stanković, Vitas Duško (2010)
    In this paper we discuss some well-known morphological descriptions used in various projects and applications (most notably MULTEXT-East and Unitex) and illustrate the encountered problems on Serbian. We have spotted four groups of problems: the lack of a value for an existing category, the lack of a category, the interdependence of values and categories lacking some description, and the lack of a support for some types of categories. At the same time, various descriptions often describe exactly the same ...
    Morphology, Lexicon, lexical database, Standards for LRs
    ... category for nouns are singular and plural (shared by all involved languages), and besides that dual (for Slovene and Czech) and count (for Bulgarian). This last value in Bulgarian is similar to ‘paukal’ in Serbian which is used with small numbers two, three and four. This value, however, does not ...
    ... gender masculine, and in the same time grammatical number singular and natural number plural. Natural gender and number, instead of grammatical gender and number are used for verbal forms sastali and su. To veče, petorica(fem/sing) džentlmenovih kolega sastali(masc/pl) su(pl) se već u osam časova ...
    ... notably MULTEXT-East and Unitex) and illustrate the encountered problems on Serbian. We have spotted four groups of problems: the lack of a value for an existing category, the lack of a category, the interdependence of values and categories lacking some description, and the lack of a support for some types ...

  • Introductory editorial - Special issue: Genesis and protection of groundwater in carbonate aquifer

    Saša Milanović (2019)
    Geochemistry and Petrology

  • Wordnet Development Using a Multifunctional Tool

    Ivan Obradović, Ranka Stanković (2007)
    In this paper we present a multifunctional tool for manipulating heterogeneous language resources. The tool handles electronic dictionaries, wordnets and aligned texts, and provides for their synchronous use in various tasks. We focus here on the description of the possibilities this tool offers in the development of wordnets. Besides the wordnet module which enables parallel handling of two wordnets, other modules, such as the module for morphological dictionaries and the module for aligned texts, as well as available finite ...
    Wordnet development, language resource integration, HLT tools
    ... regular expressions and inflectional and morphological finite state transducers (FSTs) to locate morphological, lexical and syntactic patterns, remove ambiguities, and tag simple and compound words in texts. The text parsing possibilities offered by regular expressions and FSTs proved also useful ...
    ... based on LADL format and supporting resources in Unicode has been developed in parallel, and is also available 6 . Since all three systems (Intex, Unitex, and NooJ) provide for processing of texts on basis of dictionaries, in combination with regular expressions and FSTs, and each of them has ...
    ... wordnets for Bulgarian, Greek, Romanian, Serbian and Turkish and expanding the Czech wordnet, followed an approach similar to EuroWordNet [13]. Namely, BalkaNet wordnets were also developed on basis of PWN and the top-ontology accepted in EuroWordNet, and aligned by using ILI. From a lexicographer’s ...

  • Freeze-dried nanocrystal dispersion of novel deuterated pyrazoloquinolinone ligand (DK-I-56-1): Process parameters and lyoprotectant selection through the stability study

    Jelena R. Mitrović, Maja Bjelošević Žiberna, Aleksandar Vukadinović, Daniel E. Knutson, Dishary Sharmin, Aleksandar Kremenović, Pegi Ahlin Grabnar, Odon Planinšek, Dominique Lunter, James M. Cook, Miroslav M. Savić, Snežana D. Savić (2023)
    Recently, nanocrystal dispersions have been considered as a promising formulation strategy to improve the bioavailability of the deuterated pyrazoloquinolinone ligand DK-I-56-1 (7‑methoxy-2-(4‑methoxy-d3-phenyl)-2,5-dihydro-3H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolin-3-one). In the current study, the freeze-drying process (formulation and process parameters) was investigated to improve the storage stability of the previously developed formulation. Different combinations of lyoprotectant (sucrose or trehalose) and bulking agent (mannitol) were varied while formulations were freeze-dried under two conditions (primary drying at -10 or -45 °C). The obtained lyophilizates were characterized in terms ...
    Pharmaceutical Science
    ... bands at 984 and 941 m ! could indicate an open structure of the trehalose molecule, but unable to form a significant number of hydrogen bonds. For the other two samples (T+M 1 + 1 and T + M 3 + 2), the position of the bands at 989 and 931 cm'! and 986 and 932 cm ! for the first and second sample ...
    ... diameter (z-ave), polydispersity index (PDI) and redispersibiliy index (RD!) after lyophilization of nanocrystal dispersion with different sucrose/mannitol ratios (z-ave: *, ** and *** for P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively, PDI: +, ++ and +++ for P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively), Description of ...
    ... (left); with trehalose and mannitol T+M 1 + 1 (middle) and with trehalose and mannitol T+M 3 + 2 (right). The magnification was 20,000 x, scale bar 900 nm in all images. Lyophilization was performed with primary drying at -45 "C (lyophilization-2). trehalose, and mannitol) and six lyophilizates obtained ...

  • Using Lexical Resources for Irony and Sarcasm Classification

    Miljana Mladenović, Cvetana Krstev, Jelena Mitrović, Ranka Stanković (2017)
    The paper presents a language dependent model for classification of statements into ironic and non-ironic. The model uses various language resources: morphological dictionaries, sentiment lexicon, lexicon of markers and a WordNet based ontology. This approach uses various features: antonymous pairs obtained using the reasoning rules over the Serbian WordNet ontology (R), antonymous pairs in which one member has positive sentiment polarity (PPR), polarity of positive sentiment words (PSP), ordered sequence of sentiment tags (OSA), Part-of-Speech tags of words (POS) ...
    ... of ironic and non-ironic statements. In the paper [27] comparison of Naive Bayes (NB) and Decision Trees (DT) methods used to classify tweets into ironic and non-ironic, showed that the results achieved by DT method measured by the F1 measure were better (71.5% and 53.3% for the balanced and imbalanced ...
    ... used for creating features have to be changed and adjusted. To this end, a modified list of stylistic and semantic markers for a sarcasm detection has to be improved and the sen- timent lexicon has to be changed to contain hateful and offensive words and phrases. But, like in the case of irony classification ...
    ... features provide similar and low performance measures. The results of both classifiers show low grade of recall and it shows us that we should enlarge and improve lexical re- sources that have been used and expand the set of ontological rules to include procedures of generalization and specifications of con- ...

  • Tectono-lithostratigraphic model of the Northern Banat Miocene sediments (Pannonian Basin, Serbia)

    Dejan Radivojević, Ljupko Rundić (2017)
    ... less present then Badenian one and could be found in a very limited area. Generally, these sediments are very thin and represented with siliciclastics and limestones. °e Pannonian, Pontian, Pliocene and Quaternary sediments belong to postrift stage in the broader sense and lays unconformably over the ...
    ... less present then Badenian one and could be found in a very limited area. Generally, these sediments are very thin and represented with siliciclastics and limestones. The Pannonian, Pontian, Pliocene and Quaternary sediments belong to postrift stage in the broader sense and lays unconformably over the ...
    ... occurred simultaneously throughout the area, and it is possible to speak only about synrift and postrift stage in the broader sense (MATENCO & RADIVOJEVIĆ, 2012). In the Serbian northeastern part of Pannonian Basin, sediments of the Lower and Middle (Badenian and Sarmatian) Miocene are assigned to synrift ...

  • Numerical modeling of Selanac debris flow propagation using SPH code

    Jelka Krušić, Biljana Abolmasov, Miloš Marjanović, Manuel Pastor, Saeid M. Tayyebi (2021)
    The Selanac debris flow is a very huge event triggered after extreme rainfall caused by Cyclone Tamara activity in the Republic of Serbia in May 2014. The Selanac case study was already modelling in different programs using Voellmy rheology assumptions like RAMMS software. In this paper research are focusing particularly on the process of debris flowing from initiation zone to main deposition area using Geoflow SPH two-phase model considering frictional rheology law. Main rheological parameters are back-calculated using also ...
    debris flow, modelling, SPH code, DEM
    ... Location of case study B) geometry and main parts 3 METHOD SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) was firstly proposed by Lucy (1977) and Gingold and Monaghan (1977) and applied in astrophysical modeling. In time, it became widely used in different fields (Liu and Liu 2010; Chen et al. 1996; Huang ...
    ... fields of research, and it is found very suitable in different parts of fluid mechanics. Its main difference from other most used methods like finite element and finite difference methods, is in absence of numerical grid, and while mass is presented with particles of solid and fluid phase. Each particle ...
    ... Cuomo, S., and Drempetic, V. (2009). ‘’A depth integrated, coupled SPH model for flow-like landslides and related phenomena’’. International Journal on Numerical Analysis and Methods in Geomechanics, 33(2): 143–172. doi:10.1002/nag.705. Cascini, L., Cuomo, S., Pastor, M., Sorbino, G., and Piciullo ...

  • Serbian NER&Beyond: The Archaic and the Modern Intertwinned

    Branislava Šandrih Todorović, Cvetana Krstev, Ranka Stanković, Milica Ikonić Nešić (2021)
    U ovom radu predstavljamo srpski književni korpus koji se razvija pod okriljem COST Akcije „Distant Reading for European Literary History” CA16204. Koristeći ovaj korpus romana napisanih pre više od jednog veka, razvili smo i učinili javno dostupnim Sistem za prepoznavanje imenovanih entiteta (NER) obučen da prepozna 7 različitih tipova imenovanih entiteta, sa konvolucionom neuronskom mrežom (CNN), koja ima F1 rezultat od ≈91% na test skupu podataka. Ovaj model je dalje ocenjen na posebnom skupu podataka za evaluaciju. Završavamo poređenje ...
    ... form of finite-state transducers (Vitas and Krstev, 2012), enabled the development of a comprehensive rule-based system for NER Srp- NER. This system presented by Krstev et al. (2014) targeted 11 classes of NEs: dates and time (moments and periods), money and mea- surement expressions, geopolitical ...
    ... names (co- untries, settlements, oronyms and hydronyms), and personal names (one or more last names with or without first names and nicknames). The system was developed to recognize NEs in 1253 newspapers and similar texts. It was manually evaluated on a sample of unseen newspaper texts. The overall ...
    ... were trained and evaluated (SpaCy and Stan- ford). As a support for the developed NER models, Šandrih et al. (2019) joined several existing tools and developed various new tools, combined into a web platform NER&Beyond.2 Although NER systems in general were de- veloped mostly for newspaper and similar te- ...

  • Kinetics, mechanism, and equilibrium studies of the reactions between a ruthenium(II) complex and some nitrogen- and sulfur-donor nucleophiles

    Aleksandar M. Mijatović, Ratomir M. Jelić, Jovana Bogojeski, Živadin D. Bugarčić, Biljana Petrović (2013)
    Kinetika i mehanizam reakcija supstitucije između [Ru(trpi)(bpi)Cl]+ sa nukleofilima gvanozin-5′-monofosfatom, L-histidinom, tioureom i dimetilsulfoksidom proučavani su spektrofotometrijski u 0,1 M NaClO4 na 310 K. Red reaktivnosti za odabrane ligande je: tiourea > gvanozin-5′-monofosfat > L-histidin > DMSO. Ovaj red je povezan sa elektronskim, strukturnim i hemijskim karakteristikama kompleksa i nukleofila. Reakcija supstitucije sa tioureom je proučavana na tri različite temperature (288, 298 i 310 K). Negativna entropija aktivacije DS = potvrđuje asocijativni način aktivacije. Formiranje kompleksa [Ru(trpi)(bpi)H2O]2+ sa ligandima ...
    Kinetika, Ravnoteža, Ru(II), L-Histidin, Guanozin-5' -monofosfat, Dimetilsulfoksid, Tiourea
    ... ? and L-His or 50-GMP by potentiometric and spectrophoto- metric methods. The structures of [Ru(trpy)(bpy)Cl]? and nucleophiles are shown in Fig. 1. Results and discussion Kinetic studies Kinetics of the substitution reactions of [Ru(trpy)(bpy)Cl]? with nucleophiles Tu, L-His, DMSO, and 50-GMP ...
    ... by the values of the sample standard deviation S and the goodness of fit v2 (Pearson’s test). At rE = 0.1 mV (0.001 pH error) and rV = 0.005 cm3, the values of S in different sets of titrations were between 1.0 and 1.8, and v2 was between 11.0 and 13.0. The scatter of residuals (Eobs - Ecalc) versus ...
    ... N-bpy)2Cl2] and mer-[Ru(N,N,N- trpy)Cl3] [12, 13], aminocarboxylato complexes [Ru(N,- N,O,O-pdta)Cl2] (pdta = 1,2- propylenediaminetetraacetato) and [Ru(N,N,O,O,O-edta)Cl] (edta = ethylenediaminete- traacetato) [14, 15], dimethylsulfoxide complexes cis- and trans-[Ru(S-DMSO)4Cl2] [16–18], and arylazopyrdine ...

  • Rock slope stability analysis under Hoek–Brown failure criterion with different flow rules

    Svetlana Melentijević, Zoran Berisavljević, Dušan Berisavljević, Claudio Olalla Marañón (2024)
    The stability analysis of homogeneous rock slope following the Hoek–Brown failure criterion under the hypothesis of different flow rules is performed based on limit equilibrium and finite element methods. The applied failure criterion is the generalized Hoek–Brown that can be introduced as a shear/normal function in analysis applying different flow rules. The results are compared with those obtained by the application of equivalent shear strength parameters of the Mohr–Coulomb criterion, considering that this is still the most widely used ...
    Kružna klizna površ, Huk-Braunov kriterijum loma, Kriterijum popuštanja, Smičuća/normalna funkcija, Nivo napona, Verovatnoća i parametarska analiza

  • Late and post-collisional tectonic evolution of the Adria-Europe suture in the Vardar Zone

    Emő Márton, Marinko Toljić, Vesna Cvetkov (2022)
    The Vardar Zone is a product of the Triassic-Jurassic opening of the Neotethys, Jurassic obduction, Late Cretaceous/Paleogene consumption of the oceanic crust and continental collision. During the last process, the Eastern Vardar Zone was thrust over the Central and eventually both onto the Western Vardar Zone. The present paleomagnetic and structural study provided new results from the first two zones in the Belgrade area. The younger set of data, together with published ones from the third zone, provide firm ...
    Adria–Europe suture, Vardar Zone, Paleomagnetism, Thrusting, Vertical axis rotation

  • Callovian (Middle Jurassic) Sphriganaria (Brachiopoda) from the Jordan Valley (Middle East)

    Howard R. Feldman, Barbara V. Radulović, Fayez Ahmad (2023)
    Brachiopods, Middle Jurassic, Sphriganaria, shell microstructure, Ethiopian Province

  • Improving Document Retrieval in Large Domain Specific Textual Databases Using Lexical Resources

    Ranka Stanković, Cvetana Krstev, Ivan Obradović, Olivera Kitanović (2017)
    Large collections of textual documents represent an example of big data that requires the solution of three basic problems: the representation of documents, the representation of information needs and the matching of the two representations. This paper outlines the introduction of document indexing as a possible solution to document representation. Documents within a large textual database developed for geological projects in the Republic of Serbia for many years were indexed using methods developed within digital humanities: bag-of-words and named ...
    ... style, both city and country names must be present in the affiliations. Accordingly, we have inserted the city and country names in affiliations “1 and 2”. Please check and confirm if the inserted city and coun- try names are correct. If not, please provide us with the correct city and country names ...
    ... resource is selected as one facet and the words lignit ‘lignite’ and ugalj ‘coal’ are defined for keyword search, and the system will search for any of these two words in appropriate fields. The second facet is location, and the corresponding keyword is Tamnava. This query and the docu- ments retrieved are ...
    ... usually refers to names of persons, locations and organizations, and numeric expressions including, time, date, money and percentage. Recently other major types are being included, like “products” and “events”, but also marginal ones, like “e-mail addresses” and “book titles”. The NE hierarchy in our Named ...

  • Evidence for Ladinian (Middle Triassic) platform progradation in the Gyulakeszi area, Tapolca Basin, Western Hungary: Microfacies Analysis and Biostratigraphy

    Zsolt Robert Nagy, Nevenka Đerić, Sándor Kovács, Anna Oravecz-Scheffer, Felicitász Velledits, Olga Piros, Gabor Csillag (2014)
    anizik, ladin, karbonati, litostratigrafija, biostratigrafija, konodonti, radiolarije, dijageneza
    ... lime- stone in terms of numbers and importance is 7b:pbytes sp. found as reworked bioclasts in the graded grainstone and rudstone facies (MF2, samples Gy1 and 2), in the peloidal bioclastic grainstone and boundstone facies (MF5, samples Gy51 and up) (Fig. 8/1) and, most im- portantly, the “e ...
    ... sandstone and dacites in the Gy - 5, and Lower 'Triassic mixed carbonate- siliciclastics in the Ka — 1 (Kisap4ti) and in the Szi – 1 (Szigliget) (Fig. 1/b-c). The Lower Triassic sedimentary sequence (“V/erfen group”) reaches 500 m in thickness in the Szi – 1 borehole and includes sabkha and lagoonal ...
    ... Highland. Isopachous and radiaxial fibrous calcite cement found in the grainstone and boundstone facies are indicative of carly lithification and diagenesis in the marine phreatic zone. “Evinosponglae”-type ce- ment is described for the first time from the Balaton Highland and ıt is similar to ...

  • Hydrogeochemistry of Uranium in the Groundwaters of Serbia

    Marina Ćuk, Maja Todorović, Petar Papić, Jovan Kovačević, Zoran Nikić (2015)

  • Business Models for Small-scale Biomass Projects Development

    Dejan Ivezić, Miodrag Gluščević, Marija Živković (2019)
    Biomass is recognized as the most promising renewable energy source in Serbia. The share of biomass in Serbian final energy consumption is over 10%, but mostly related to traditional use in stoves and ovens. One of the main obstacles for wider implementation of contemporary biomass facilities is the inexperience of consumers and stakeholders in the implementation of “innovative” business models, especially in the cases of small-scale projects. In this paper, three different business models (public utility company, energy cooperative ...
    ... biomass supplier and district heating system operator. Cooperative model is optimal framework for determination ideal ratio between fuel and heat prices, and adjustment of system profitability, because cooperative members are in the same time fuel sellers and heat energy consumers, and they also expect ...
    ... e fund. Cooperative would organize biomass collecting and woodchips production. Cooperative members and other forest owners in Kostojevići and surrounding settlements will provide biomass. In addition, cooperative would organize distribution and selling of heat. Cooperative model is optimal framework ...
    ... of Mining and Geology 2Standing Conference of Towns and Municipalities, Belgrade Abstract: Biomass is recognized as the most promising renewable energy source in Serbia. The share of biomass in Serbian final energy consumption is over 10%, but mostly related to traditional use in stoves and ovens. One ...

  • A hundred years of Milutin Milanković's climate change theory - geological implications

    Dejan Radivojević (2020)
    Миланковићева теорија циклуса објављена пре сто година је најважнија теорија у наукама које проучавају климу и имала је велики утицај на дисциплине које се баве Земљом. Ипак, његов рад је чекао више од педесет година да би добио потврду. Може се рећи да Миланковићев рад највећи утицај на геологију има у изради астрономске временске скале, подршци хипотези континенталног дрифта и палеоклиматологији. Добри резултати примене астрономске временске скале на неогене седименте иницирали су примену ове методе у мезозојским и у последње ...
    циклостратиграфија, астономска временска скала, геолошка временска скала, климатске промене, континентални дрифт
    ... n rates spatially and temporary varies and depend on palaeoecological and palaeogeographic conditions. Generally, well-rounded and fine-grained sediments reflect calm and slow sed- imentation, while angular coarse-grai ned sediments are mostly related to short palaeotransport and fast sedimentation ...
    ... his brothers died from tuber- culosis at young age and besides his mother jeli - saveta and grandmother, his uncle vasilije Maučević took care of him and sisters. In 1889 he left to his uncle Paja Maučević to osijek where he went to Gymnasium and very soon became the best student even though before ...
    ... pri- vate teachers and governess. Since there was not electrotechnics at vienna Technological Institute (actually Technische Universität Wien) he went to civil engineering and graduated in 1902. He contin- ued his vienna studies and at age of 25 (on Decem- ber 12th, 1904) gained a PhD and become the first ...

  • A Mathematical Learning Environment Based on Serbian Language Resources

    Radojičić Marija, Obradović Ivan, Stanković Ranka, Utvić Miloć, Kaplar Sebastijan (2018)
    In recent years, in line with ever growing usage of Information technology, the learning environments are changing. The amount of available learning materials in various forms has increased. These new environments demand comprehensive learning systems, which enable management of the learning corpus with special attention paid to relevant lexical resources. In this paper we present the concept of a Mathematical Learning Environment in Serbian (MLES), which is based on a corpus of mathematical materials and various lexical resources, enabling ...
    mathematical content, text processing, mathematical formulae
    ... Terminology Acquisition and Description Using Lexical Resources and Local Grammars. Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Terminology and Artificial Intelligence, pp. 81-89. [13] Mladenović, M., Mitrović, M., Krstev, C., (2014). Developing and Maintaining a WordNet: Procedures and Tools. Proceedings ...
    ... uns.ac.rs IT Education and Practice Radojičić et al. 249 references, and links to software. The search offers feedback with appropriate concordances. Mathematical formulae are converted to LaTex and then indexed. User requests are also converted to LaTex, and the search proceeds as with ...
    ... expansion and ranking of results. This component proceeds in several phases, such as transliteration, tokenization and lemmatization of user queries, semantic search, query expansion, expanded search and ranked retrieval results (Figure 2). Figure 2. Analysis of user query and semantic ...

  • The influence of Al<sup>3+</sup>ion on porcine pepsin activity<i>in vitro</i>

    Vesna M. Pavelkić, Kristina R. Gopcević, Danijela Z. Krstić, Marija A. Ilić (2008)
    The in vitro effect of Al3þ ions in the concentration range 1.7·1026M–8.7·1023M on pepsin activity at pH 2, via kinetic parameters and its electrophoretic mobility was evaluated. Kinetic study demonstrated the existence of an activation effect of Al3þ at pH 2 on pepsin molecule. Kinetic analysis with respect to concentrations of haemoglobin showed that Al3þ ions increase the maximal velocity (Vmax) and kcat values rather than apparent affinity for substrate (KS) implying the non-competitive nature of activation which indicated ...
    Пепсин, алуминијум, кинетика, активација, електрофоретска мобилност
    ... TInfluence of 4F ions on bepsin and haemoglobin conformation UV studies. The pepsin-A! and haemoglobin-AP"* interactions were followed by UV spectra. The absorption spectra of pepsin and haemoglobin in the absence and presence of 1OmM Al are presented in Figures 5 A and B. It is obvious that the ...
    ... standard potassium bromide (KBr) pallet (the ratio between pepsin and KBr and pepsin – AP? and KBr were 1:100); the pallets of haemoglobin samples in KBr were prepared in the same manner. Infrared spectra between 4000 and 400cm ! obtained on a Specord 75 IR, Carl Zeiss in double-beam operation ...
    ... concentrations of AP? ion (1, 5 and 10mM). "The samples of pepsin and haemoglobin were diluted with sample buffer in ratio 1:1 (v/v) and applied on gel in volume of 20 uL. Visualization was performed with Commassie Brilliant Blue G-250 dye. The gels scanned and processed using Corel Draw 11.0 ...